연방정부 기준인 IECC 를 적어도 만족시키는 주정부 energy 기준이 있어야 하는데, CA 의 경우 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24, Part 6 이 2015 IECC 를 넘어서는 결과를 보여주고 있다.
가장 최근 버전으로 - APPENDIX RA SOLAR-READY PROVISIONS—DETACHED ONE- AND TWOFAMILY DWELLINGS, MULTIPLE SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLINGS (TOWNHOUSES) - solar ready 에 대한 조건이 있다.
CA 에서 나온 것으로, PV 설치를 강제하고 있고, 예외에 한에서 역시 solar ready 를 강제하고 있다. Seattle 이 경우 2017 residential code 가 해당. Residential 의 경우 solar ready 는 residential code 에 있는데, commercial 의 경우 solar ready 는 building code 가 아닌 energy code 에 있다. 참고로, single family 와 low rise multifamily 는 residential code (특별 building code 로 보면 될 듯), 그 외는 building code. 그리고 solar 를 직접 설치 했을 때는 NEC 의 electrical code 와 관계한 electrical permit 을 받아야 한다.
The California Energy Code, part 6 of the California Building Standards Code which is title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, also titled The Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, were created by the California Building Standards Commission in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption. The standards are updated periodically by the California Energy Commission to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. The California Energy Code (CEC) contains energy conservation standards applicable to most residential and nonresidential buildings throughout California, including schools. - solar ready, residential compliance manual.
There are 3 different kinds of building codes: private sector, federal sector, and international. The private sector codes are associated with state and local jurisdiction. States and local jurisdictions have different energy codes that they follow based on climate, geography, and many other contributing factors. The two primary baseline codes for the private sector are the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and the ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 energy standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ASHRAE 90.1).[4] States and local governments adopt and enforce these energy codes. The standards are published by national organizations such as ASHRAE. The International Code Council (ICC) develops the codes and standards used to construct residential and commercial buildings, including homes and schools.[5] Within the ICC is the IECC which is a subset of the ICC. The IECC is a model energy code, but it is written in mandatory, enforceable language, so that state and local jurisdictions can easily adopt the model as their energy code.[6] The IECC references several ASHRAE Standards, in particular the ASHRAE 90.1 for commercial building construction.
Roof slope: OSHA defines a low-slope roof as a roof having a slope of less than or equal to 4 inches of vertical rise for every 12 inches horizontal length (4:12) (1926.500(b)—definitions). This is important because the OSHA definition is used as a basis for implementing low-slope fall-protection measures, such as warningline systems and safety monitors.
Ladder: angle 75 degree, one-quarter the working length of the ladder (a 1:4 ratio) (29 CFR 1926.1053(b)(5)(i)). 3 rungs (1 ft apart) above the roof, The side rails of the ladder generally must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface that the worker is trying to access (29 CFR 1926.1053(b)(1)).
Anchor: OSHA standard regarding anchorages can be found in 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(15)
Top 3 risks are related to solar installation on the roof
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = sol_instl ~ hu_med_val + hu_ex_1000, data = regr[-c(1)])
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -8.4964 -1.8188 -0.4623 1.1230 16.2559
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -1.984e+00 8.119e-01 -2.444 0.0159 *
## hu_med_val 3.905e-06 1.954e-06 1.998 0.0478 *
## hu_ex_1000 1.768e+01 1.594e+00 11.094 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 2.875 on 128 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6136, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6076
## F-statistic: 101.6 on 2 and 128 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
OLS residual mapping
Residual mapping for GWR
Impact of housing median value
impact of housing cost over $1k/ month
Solar installation hotspot
Solar installation outlier
## Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors = 3 and the number of components = NA
## [1] 131 3
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = regr[[14]] ~ dat[, 1] + dat[, 2] + dat[, 3])
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -8.4394 -1.6916 -0.5028 1.0860 16.2534
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.0904 0.2531 20.112 <2e-16 ***
## dat[, 1] 3.3447 0.3443 9.715 <2e-16 ***
## dat[, 2] 0.6351 0.3127 2.031 0.0443 *
## dat[, 3] 0.3905 0.3147 1.241 0.2169
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 2.897 on 127 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6106, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6014
## F-statistic: 66.39 on 3 and 127 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
##
## 1 2 3
## 55 32 44
## [1] 177.3648
Clustered census track